Symptoms(and signs) that are consistent with this disorder are the following:

The diagnosis is based on the following clinical findings:

- microcephaly

- clinodactyly and shortness of index and little fingers

- syndactyly of 2nd & 3rd and 4th & 5th toe

- short palpebral fissures

- esophageal and/or duodenal atresia

Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 2, a form of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome also known as Schmidt's syndrome, or APS-II, is the most common form of the polyglandular failure syndromes. It is heterogeneous and has not been linked to one gene. Rather, individuals are at a higher risk when they carry a particular human leukocyte antigen (HLA-DQ2, HLA-DQ8 and HLA-DR4). APS-II affects women to a greater degree than men.

Feingold syndrome is marked by various combinations of microcephaly, limb malformations, esophageal and duodenal atresias, and sometimes learning disability or mental retardation.

Satoyoshi syndrome, also known as Komura-Guerri syndrome, is a rare progressive disorder of presumed autoimmune cause, characterized by painful muscle spasms, alopecia, diarrhea, endocrinopathy with amenorrhoea and secondary skeletal abnormalities. The syndrome was first reported in 1967 by Eijiro Satoyoshi and Kaneo Yamada in Tokyo, Japan. To this date, fewer than 50 cases worldwide have been reported for the Satoyoshi syndrome.

People with the syndrome typically develop symptoms of the illness at a young age, usually between the age of six and fifteen years old. The initial symptoms are muscle spasms in the legs and alopecia, also known as baldness. The spasms are painful and progressive and their frequency varies from 1 or 2 to 100 per day, each lasting a few minutes. It can be sufficiently severe to produce abnormal posturing of the affected limbs, particularly the thumbs. With progression the illness involves the pectoral girdle and trunk muscles and finally the masseters and temporal muscles. The spasms usually spare the facial muscles. Severe spasms can interfere with respiration and speech. During an attack-free period, non-stimulus-sensitive myoclonus can occur in the arms, legs and neck. Diarrhea occurs in the first 2–3 years with intolerance to carbohydrate and high glucose diets. Endocrinopathy manifests as amenorrhea and hypoplasia of the uterus. Affected children fail to attain height after 10–12 years of age.

The syndrome is not known to be a primary cause of mortality, but some patients have died as a result of secondary complications, such as respiratory failure and malnourishment.

In one 6-year-old patient antibodies to GABA-producing enzyme glutamate decarboxylase were detected.

The differential diagnosis is quite extensive and includes

- Buschke–Fischer–Brauer disease

- Curth–Macklin ichthyosis

- Gamborg Nielsen syndrome

- Greither disease

- Haber syndrome

- Hereditary punctate palmoplantar keratoderma

- Jadassohn–Lewandowsky syndrome

- Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans

- Keratosis linearis with ichthyosis congenital and sclerosing keratoderma syndrome

- Meleda disease

- Mucosa hyperkeratosis syndrome

- Naegeli–Franceschetti–Jadassohn syndrome

- Naxos disease

- Olmsted syndrome

- Palmoplantar keratoderma and leukokeratosis anogenitalis

- Pandysautonomia

- Papillomatosis of Gougerot and Carteaud

- Papillon–Lefèvre syndrome

- Punctate porokeratotic keratoderma

- Richner–Hanhart syndrome

- Schöpf–Schulz–Passarge syndrome

- Unna Thost disease

- Vohwinkel syndrome

- Wong's dermatomyositis

Symptoms include gingival fibromatosis, associated with hypoplasia of the distal phalanges, nail dysplasia, joint hypermobility, and sometimes hepatosplenomegaly. The nose and pinnae are usually large and poorly developed, which gives the individuals with the syndrome abnormal facial characteristics. Mental retardation may also occur. Both males and females are equally affected. Gingival fibromatosis is usually present at birth or appears short after. The term Zimmermann–Laband was coined by Carl Jacob Witkop in 1971.

The fifth type of hyper-IgM syndrome has been characterized in three patients from France and Japan. The symptoms are similar to hyper IgM syndrome type 2, but the AICDA gene is intact. These three patients instead had mutations in the catalytic domain of uracil-DNA glycosylase, an enzyme that removes uracil from DNA. In both type 2 and type 5 hyper-IgM syndromes, the patients are profoundly deficient in IgG and IgA because the B cells can't carry out the recombination steps necessary to class-switch.

All types of Griscelli syndrome have distinctive skin and hair coloring.

Type 1 is associated with eurological abnormalities. These include delayed development, intellectual disability, seizures, hypotonia and eye abnormalities.

Type 2 - unlike type 1 - is not associated primary neurological disease but is associated with an uncontrolled T lymphocyte expansion and macrophage activation syndrome. It is often associated with the hemophagocytic syndrome. This latter condition may be fatal in the absence of bone marrow transplantation.

Persons with type 3 have the typical light skin and hair coloring but are otherwise normal.

The signs and symptoms of "activated PI3K Delta Syndrome" are consistent with the following:

- Immunodeficiency

- Lymphadenopathy

- Sinopulmonary infections

- Bronchiectasis

Children with Weaver syndrome tend to look similar and have distinctive physical and craniofacial characteristics, which may include several, but not all of the following features:

- Macrocephaly

- Large bifrontal diameter

- Flattened occiput

- Long philtrum

- Retrognathia

- Round face in infancy

- Prominent chin crease

- Large ears

- Strabismus

- Hypertelorism

- Epicanthal folds

- Downslanting palpebral fissures

Other features may include loose skin, thin deep-set nails, thin hair, short ribs, limited elbow and knee extension, camptodactyly, and a coarse, low-pitched voice. Delayed development of motor skills such as sitting, standing, and walking are commonly exhibited in early childhood. Patients with Weaver syndrome typically have mild intellectual disability with poor coordination and balance. They also have some neurological abnormalities such as speech delay, epilepsy, intellectual disability, hypotonia or hypertonia, and behavioral problems.

Hyper IgM Syndrome Type 2 is a rare disease. Unlike other hyper-IgM syndromes, the Type 2 patients identified thus far did not present with a history of opportunistic infections. One would expect opportunistic infections in any immunodeficiency syndrome. The putative genetic lesion is in the AICDA gene found at 12p13. The patients have three common findings:

- the absence of immunoglobulin class switch recombination

- the lack of immunoglobulin somatic hypermutations, and

- lymph node hyperplasia caused by the presence of giant germinal centers.

Zimmermann–Laband syndrome (ZLS), also known as Laband–Zimmermann syndrome, and Laband's syndrome, is an extremely rare autosomal dominant congenital disorder.

Howel–Evans syndrome is an extremely rare condition involving thickening of the skin in the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet (hyperkeratosis). This familial disease is associated with a high lifetime risk of esophageal cancer. For this reason, it is sometimes known as tylosis with oesophageal cancer (TOC).

The condition is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, and it has been linked to a mutation in the "RHBDF2" gene. It was first described in 1958.

Symptoms of Winchester syndrome begin with the deterioration of bone within the hands and feet. This loss of bone causes pain and limited mobility. The abnormalities of the bone spread to other areas of the body, mostly the joints. This causes arthropathy: stiffening of the joints (contractures) and swollen joints. Many people develop osteopenia and osteoporosis throughout their entire body. Due to the damage to the bones, many affected individuals suffer from short stature and bone fractures.

Many individuals experience leathery skin where the skin appears dark and thick. Excessive hair growth is known to be found in these darker areas of the skin (hypertrichosis). The eyes may develop a white or clear covering the cornea (corneal opacities) which can cause problems with vision.

It is characterized by developmental defects including cryptophthalmos (where the eyelids fail to separate in each eye), and malformations in the genitals (such as micropenis, cryptorchidism or clitoromegaly). Congenital malformations of the nose, ears, larynx and renal system, as well as mental retardation, manifest occasionally. Syndactyly (fused fingers or toes) has also been noted.

Activated PI3K delta syndrome is a primary immunodeficiency disease caused by activating gain of function mutations in the PIK3CD gene. Which encodes the p110δ catalytic subunit of PI3Kδ, APDS-2 (PASLI-R1) is caused by exon-skipping mutations in PIK3R1 which encodes for the regulatory subunit p85α. APDS and APDS-2 affected individuals present with similar symptoms, which include increased susceptibility to airway infections, bronchiectasis and lymphoproliferation.

In 1989, diagnostic criteria was created for the diagnosing of Winchester syndrome. The typical diagnosis criteria begin with skeletal radiological test results and two of the defining symptoms, such as short stature, coarse facial features, hyperpigmentation, or excessive hair growth. The typical tests that are performed are x-ray and magnetic resonance imaging. It appears that Winchester syndrome is more common in women than men. Winchester syndrome is very rare. There have only been a few individuals worldwide who were reported to have this disorder.

Griscelli syndrome type 2 (also known as "partial albinism with immunodeficiency") is a rare autosomal recessive syndrome characterized by variable pigmentary dilution, hair with silvery metallic sheen, frequent pyogenic infections, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia.

One of the principle symptoms of GAPO syndrome is growth retardation, caused by slow skeletal formation and results in individuals being below average height. Alopecia, or hair loss, is another key indication of GAPO syndrome. Their hair is typically thinly dispersed, and fragile, which often leads to baldness later in life. Similarly, tooth growth is stunted, with teeth failing to emerge form the gums or otherwise develop normally. Atrophy of the optic nerve occurs in approximately one third of individuals. This degradation leads to inhibited peripheral vision, and increased difficulty distinguishing colours.

While not a defining feature, most sufferers of GAPO syndrome have coarse facial features, and abnormal structure of the middle portion of their faces, typically coupled with a large forehead. Individuals with the disease tend to have depressed nose bridges, protruding ears, and abnormally thick lips, though these symptoms are not unique to this disorder.

No direct correlation has been found between GAPO syndrome and mental retardation, though cases of individuals having both have been reported.

Due to the severity of the phenotype, GAPO syndrome can be diagnosed very early on. Most cases can be diagnosed by 6 months of age, and most symptoms will be apparent by age 2.

Almost all patients with this syndrome have some degree of mental retardation and facial dysmorphism (round face, deep-set eyes, thin upper lip). Behavioural problems are common. Brachymetaphalangism (metacarpal or metatarsal shortening) is reported in ~50% of cases overall, but is typically not evident below the age of 2 years. There is striking phenotypic variability, and the size and extent of the deleted region cannot be used as accurate predictors of prognosis. Some patients have additional problems such as congenital heart disease and seizures.

Juvenile hyaline fibromatosis (also known as "Fibromatosis hyalinica multiplex juvenilis," "Murray–Puretic–Drescher syndrome") is a very rare, autosomal recessive disease due to mutations in capillary morphogenesis protein-2 (CMG-2 gene). It occurs from early childhood to adulthood, and presents as slow-growing, pearly white or skin-colored dermal or subcutaneous papules or nodules on the face, scalp, and back, which may be confused clinically with neurofibromatosis.

Affected individuals present with a broad array of medical and behavioral manifestations (tables 1 and 2). Patients are consistently characterized by global developmental delay, intellectual disability, speech abnormalities, ASD-like behaviors, hypotonia and mild dysmorphic features. Table 1 summarizes the dysmorphic and medical conditions that have been reported in individuals with PMS. Table 2 summarize the psychiatric and neurological associated with PMS. Most of the studies include small samples or relied on parental report or medical record review to collect information, which can account in part for the variability in the presentation of some of the presenting features. Larger prospective studies are needed to further characterize the phenotype.

Table 1: Dysmorphic features and medical comorbid conditions that have been reported in individuals with Phelan McDermid Syndrome.

Table 2: Psychiatric and Neurologic Manifestations associated with Phelan McDermid Syndrome

Symptoms for Alström syndrome generally appear during infancy with great variability in age. Some of the symptoms include:

- Heart failure (Dilated cardiomyopathy) in over 60% of cases, usually within the first few weeks after birth, but sometimes the onset is in adolescence or adulthood.

- Light sensitivity and vision problems (Cone-rod dystrophy) in all cases, usually within 15 months of birth and progressively worsening until about 20 years of age

- Delays in early, developmental milestones in 50% of cases, learning disabilities in about 30% of cases

- Obesity in 100% of cases, apparent by 5 years of age, but often apparent in infancy (Alström infants usually have normal birth weights, and by adolescence, weights tend to be in the high-normal to normal range)

- Nystagmus (usually affects the children) one of the first symptoms to occur which causes involuntary rapid eye movement.

- Heart failure (Dilated cardiomyopathy) in over 60% of cases, usually within the first few weeks after birth, but sometimes the onset is in adolescence or adulthood.(chronic)

- Mild to moderate bilateral sensorineural hearing loss.

- Type 2 diabetes usually occurs in early childhood.

- Hyperinsulinemia/ insulin resistance—development of high level of insulin in blood.

- Steatosis (fatty liver) and elevated transaminases (liver enzymes) often develop in childhood and can progress in some patients to cirrhosis and liver failure.

- Endocrine dysfunctions may occur where the patient may experience an under or over active thyroid gland, weak growth hormone, increased androgen in females, and low testosterone in males.

- Slowly progressive kidney failure can occur in the second to fourth decade of life.

Acrocallosal syndrome (also known as ACLS) is a rare autosomal recessive syndrome characterized by corpus callosum agenesis, polydactyly, multiple dysmorphic features, motor and mental retardation, and other symptoms. The syndrome was first described by Albert Schinzel in 1979.

It is associated with "GLI3".