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Deep Learning Technology: Sebastian Arnold, Betty van Aken, Paul Grundmann, Felix A. Gers and Alexander Löser. Learning Contextualized Document Representations for Healthcare Answer Retrieval. The Web Conference 2020 (WWW'20)
Funded by The Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy; Grant: 01MD19013D, Smart-MD Project, Digital Technologies
A myxoid liposarcoma is a malignant adipose tissue neoplasm of myxoid appearance histologically.
Myxoid liposarcomas are the second most common type of liposarcoma, representing 30–40% of all liposarcomas in the limbs; occurring most commonly in the legs, particularly the thigh, followed by the buttocks, retroperitoneum, trunk, ankle, proximal limb girdle, head and neck, and wrist. They occur in the intermuscular fascial planes or deep-seated areas. They present as a large, slow-growing, painless mass.
They are associated with a fusion between DDIT3 or "CHOP" (at 12q13.1-q13.2) and FUS or "TLS" (at 16p11.2) or EWS (at 22q12.2).
The specific translocation of FUS-DDIT3 is t(12;16)(q13;p11).
An ossifying fibromyxoid tumour is a type of myxoma. It presents in the extremities more frequently than the trunk. It is derived from mesenchyme. Appearance in the head and neck is rare, but has been reported. Their malignancy has been characterized as "intermediate".
An odontogenic tumor is a neoplasm of the cells or tissues that initiate odontogenic processes.
Examples include:
- Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor
- Ameloblastoma, a type of odontogenic tumor involving ameloblasts
- Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor
- Keratocystic odontogenic tumor
- Odontogenic myxoma
- Odontoma
The soft fibroma (fibroma molle) or fibroma with a shaft (acrochordon, skin tag, fibroma pendulans) consist of many loosely connected cells and less fibroid tissue. It mostly appears at the neck, armpits or groin. The photo shows a soft fibroma of the eyelid.
Malignant transformation to squamous cell carcinoma may occur, but is unusual.
Patients present with a slow-growing, painless, solitary mass, usually of the subcutaneous tissues. It is much less frequently noted in the intramuscular tissue. It is not uncommon for symptoms to be present for years.
Benign neoplasm with "BROWN FAT" is noted.
Swelling is the most common presenting complaint; however, OKCs may be asymptomatic and found incidentally on dental X-rays.
The hard fibroma (fibroma durum) consists of many fibres and few cells, e.g. in skin it is called dermatofibroma (fibroma simplex or nodulus cutaneous). A special form is the keloid, which derives from hyperplastic growth of scars.
This lesion has been called a fetal lipoma, lipoma of embryonic fat or a lipoma of immature fat.
Pain is the most common symptom, followed by either sensorineural or conductive hearing loss, tinnitus or drainage (discharge). A mass lesion may be present, but it is often slow growing.
Benign and borderline variants of this neoplasm are rare, and most cases are malignant.
These tumors may have a worse prognosis than serous tumors.
Children affected by pilocytic astrocytoma can present with different symptoms that might include failure to thrive (lack of appropriate weight gain/ weight loss), headache, nausea, vomiting, irritability, torticollis (tilt neck or wry neck) difficulty to coordinate movements and visual complaints (including nystagmus). The complaints may vary depending on the location and size of the neoplasm. The most common symptoms are associated with increased intracranial pressure due to the size of the neoplasm.
Trichilemmoma (also known as "tricholemmoma") is a benign cutaneous neoplasm that shows differentiation toward cells of the outer root sheath. The lesion is often seen in the face and neck region. Multifocal occurrence is associated with Cowden syndrome, in which hamartomatous intestinal polyposis is seen in conjunction with multiple tricholemmoma lesions.
This tumor only affects the outer 1/3 to 1/2 of the external auditory canal as a primary site. If this area is not involved, the diagnosis should be questioned. The most common tumor type is ceruminous adenoid cystic carcinoma and ceruminous adenocarcinoma, NOS.
A nonossifying fibroma (also called fibroxanthoma) is a common benign bone tumor in children and adolescents. However, it is controversial whether it represents a true neoplasm or rather a developmental disorder of growing bone. Radiographically, the tumor presents as a well marginated radiolucent lesion, with a distinct multilocular appearance. These foci consist of collagen rich connective tissue, fibroblasts, histiocytes and osteoclasts. They originate from the growth plate, and are located in adjacent parts of the metaphysis and diaphysis of long bones, most often of the legs. No treatment is needed in asymptomatic patients and spontaneous remission with replacement by bone tissue is to be expected.
Multiple nonossifying fibromas occur in Jaffe-Campanacci syndrome in combination with cafe-au-lait spots, mental retardation, hypogonadism, ocular and cardiovascular abnormalities.
Proliferating trichilemmal cysts (also known as a "Pilar tumor", "Proliferating follicular cystic neoplasm", "Proliferating pilar tumor", and "Proliferating trichilemmal tumor") are a cutaneous condition characterized by proliferations of squamous cells forming scroll-like structures.
Typically, they are cystic neoplasms with polypoid masses that protrude into the cyst. On microscopic pathological examination, they are composed of cells with clear cytoplasm (that contains glycogen) and "hob nail" cells (from which the glycogen has been secreted). The pattern may be glandular, papillary or solid.
An acanthoma is a skin neoplasm composed of squamous or epidermal cells. It is located in the prickle cell layer.
Types of acanthoma include pilar sheath acanthoma, a benign follicular tumor usually of the upper lip; clear cell acanthoma, a benign tumor found most frequently on the legs; and Degos acanthoma, often confused with but unrelated to Degos disease.
Solid pseudopapillary tumours are typically round, well-demarcated, measuring 2–17 cm in diameter (average 8 cm), with solid and cystic areas with hemorrhage on cut sections.
Vascular tissue neoplasms, like neoplasms of all tissues, are classified to benign and malignant ones, according to their biological behavior.
Trichoepithelioma is a neoplasm of the adnexa of the skin. Its appearance is similar to basal cell carcinoma.
One form has been mapped to chromosome 9p21.
Cystadenocarcinoma is a malignant form of a cystadenoma and is a malignant neoplasm derived from glandular epithelium, in which cystic accumulations of retained secretions are formed. The neoplastic cells manifest varying degrees of anaplasia and invasiveness, and local extension and metastases occur. Cystadenocarcinomas develop frequently in the ovaries, where pseudomucinous and serous types are recognized. Similar tumor histology has also been reported in the pancreas, although it is a considerably rarer entity.
It is the most common malignant ovarian tumor. Contains complex multi-loculated cyst but with exuberant solid areas in places. It usually presents with omental metastases which cause ascites.
A solid pseudopapillary tumour (also known as solid pseudopapillary neoplasm or, more formally, solid pseudopapillary tumour/neoplasm of the pancreas) is a low-grade malignant neoplasm of the pancreas of architecture that typically afflicts young women.
Most malignant vascular tumors are considered sarcomas, a major histological group of tumors, arising from transformed cells of mesenchymal origin.
- Hemangiosarcoma
- Hemangiopericytoma
- Kaposi's Sarcoma
- Hemangioblastoma
- Lymphangiosarcoma
Glandular and epithelial neoplasm is a grouping of tumors arising from the glands and epithelium.
An example is adenoma.