The signs and symptoms of Kaufman oculocerebrofacial syndrome are consistent with the following:

- High palate

- Microcephaly

- Constipation

- Intellectual disability

- Muscular hypotonia

- Nystagmus

Dental features:

- small teeth in males

- pointed (screwdriver shaped or conical) incisors (sometimes called Hutchinson teeth)

- incisors with an irregulal incisal edge

- canines: enlarged and globular; may be dome or bud shaped with trilobed edge

- premolars and molars: small, round and globular; may have supernumary lobes (mulberry or lotus flower shape)

- widely separated teeth (diastemma)

- hypoplastic enamel

- dental agenesis

- presence of mesiodents (median incisor behind normal upper incisors)

- pulp chamber anomalies

Facial features:

- anteverted pinnae

- long face

- prominent nasal bridge and nose

- prognathism occasionally

Ophthalmic features:

- bilateral congenital nuclear opacities (100%)

- severe amblyopia

- nystagmus (93%)

- strabismus (43%)

- microcornea (96%)

- congenital glaucoma

- scleral staphylomas

- retinal cystoid degeneration

- microphthalmia

These lead to severe visual impairment in affected males.

Other:

- The fourth metacarpal may be shortened

30% of patients also have some degree of intellectual impairment: of these 80% are mildly to moderately affected: the other 20% may have developmental delays and behavior problems.

Carrier females display milder variable symptoms of disease. Ocular signs are present in 90% of heterozygous females. These are typically lens opacities often involving the posterior Y sutures. More rarely dental anomalies and the characteristic facial features may also occur.

Children with the Sanjad Sakati syndrome have a triad of:

a) hypoparathyroidism (with episodes of hypocalcemia, hypocalcemic tetany and hypocalcemic seizures.

b) severe mental retardation and

c) dysmorphism.

Typically, children with this syndrome are born low-birth-weight due to intrauterine growth retardation. At birth, there is dysmorphism, which is later typified into the features described below. The child is stunted, often with demonstrable growth hormone deficiency and has moderate to severe mental retardation, mainly as a consequence of repeated seizures brought on by the low blood ionic calcium levels. The immuno-reactive parathormone levels are low to undetectable, with low calcium and high phosphate levels in the blood.

"Dysmorphism" is most evident on the face, with the following features:

- Long narrow face

- Deep-set, small eyes

- Beaked nose

- Large, floppy ears

- Small head (microcephaly) and

- Thin lips with a long philtrum.

SFMS affects the skeletal and nervous system. This syndrome's external signs would be an unusual facial appearance with their heads being slightly smaller and unusually shaped, a narrow face which is also called dolichocephaly, a large mouth with a drooping lower lip that are held open, protruding upper jaw, widely spaced upper front teeth, an underdeveloped chin, cleft palate and exotropied-slanted eyes with drooping eyelids.

Males who have SFMS have short stature and a thin body build. Also skin is lightly pigmented with multiple freckles. They may have scoliosis and chest abnormalities.

Affected boys have reduced muscle tone as infants and young children. X-rays sometimes show that their bones are underdeveloped and show characteristics of younger bones of children. Boys usually under the age of 10 have reduced muscle tone but later, patients with SFMS over the age of 10 have increased muscle tone and reflexes that cause spasticity. Their hands are short with unusual palm creases with short, shaped fingers and foot abnormalities are shortened and have fused toes and usually mild.

They have an absent of a spleen and the genitals may also show undescended testes ranging from mild to severe that leads to female gender assignment.

People who have SFMS have severe mental retardation. They are sometimes restless, behavior problems, seizures and severe delay in language development. They are self-absorbed with reduced ability to socialize with others around them. They also have psychomotor retardation which is the slowing-down of thoughts and a reduction of physical movements. They have cortical atrophy or degeneration of the brain's outer layer. Cortical atrophy is usually founded in older affected people.

Nance–Horan syndrome is a rare X linked syndrome characterized by congenital cataract leading to profound vision loss, characteristic dysmorphic features and dental anomalies. Microcornea, microphthalmia and mild or moderate mental retardation may accompany these features. Heterozygous females often manifest similarly but with less severe features than affected males.

The combination of muscular hypotonia and fixed dilated pupils in infancy is suspicious of Gillespie syndrome. Early onset partial aniridia, cerebellar ataxia, and mental retardation are hallmark of syndrome. The iris abnormality is specific and seems pathognomonic of Gillespie syndrome. The aniridia consisting of a superior coloboma and inferior iris hypoplasia, foveomacular dysplasia.

Atypical Gillespie syndrome associated with bilateral ptosis, exotropia, correctopia, iris hypoplasia, anterior capsular lens opacities, foveal hypoplasia, retinal vascular tortuosity, and retinal hypopigmentation.

Neurological signs ar nystagmus, mild craniofacial asymmetry, axial hypotonia, developmental delay, and mild mental retardation. Mariën P did not support the prevailing view of a global mental retardation as a cardinal feature of Gillespie syndrome but primarily reflect cerebellar induced neurobehavioral dysfunctions following disruption of the cerebrocerebellar anatomical circuitry that closely resembles the "cerebellar cognitive and affective syndrome" (CeCAS).

Congenital pulmonary stenosis and helix dysplasia can be associated.

This syndrome consists a number of typical features. These include

- Agenesis of the corpus callosum (80-99% patients)

- Hypopigmentation of the eyes and hair (80-99% patients)

- Cardiomyopathy (80-99% patients)

- Combined immunodeficiency (80-99% patients)

- Muscular hypotonia (80-99% patients)

- Abnormality of retinal pigmentation (80-99% patients)

- Recurrent chest infections (80-99% patients)

- Abnormal EEG (80-99% patients)

- Intellectual disability (80-99% patients)

- Cataracts (75%)

- Seizures (65%)

- Renal abnormalities (15%)

Infections of the gastrointestinal and urinary tracts are common. Swallowing and feeding difficulties early on may result in a failure to thrive. Optic nerve hypoplasia, nystagmus and photophobia may occur. Facial dysmorphism (cleft lip/palate and micrognathia) and syndactyly may be present. Sensorineural hearing loss may also be present.

Death in infancy is not uncommon and is usually due to cardiac complications or severe infections.

Not all of the DOOR symptoms are consistently present. They can vary in severity, and additional features can be noted in individuals affected by DOOR syndrome.

Some of these additional features are:

- Polyhydramnios (increased amniotic fluid during pregnancy) and increased nuchal fold during pregnancy

- Specific facial features such as a large nose

- Severe and sometimes refractory seizures, abnormalities on the magnetic resonance imaging of the brain

- Increased 2-oxoglutaric acid in the blood and urine - this compound is made or used by several enzymes

- Finger-like thumbs

- Visual impairment

- Peripheral neuropathy (nerves conducting sensation from extremities to the brain) and insensivity to pain

Intellectual impairment is present in all reported cases, but the severity can vary widely. The prognosis in terms of survival also varies greatly from early childhood till adulthood.

Presenting at birth, features of the disorder include moderately severe IUGR, microcephaly, craniosynostosis, moderately severe post uterine growth retardation, deafness, deep set eyes, cryptorchidism, truncal obesity and acanthosis nigricans, small teeth, prognathism, dislocated radial heads without generalized skeletal dysplasia, however, tall vertebrae, moderate mental retardation, hypothyroidism, insulin resistance, hypoparathyroidism.

Micro syndrome can be identified in people several ways, one of the most common is ocular problems or other physical traits that don't appear natural. It is especially easy to identify micro syndrome in infants and in younger children. Intellectual or developmental disabilities can seriously affect a patient in the way they think and move. So far according to studies all patients have had serious intellectual or developmental disabilities, and hypotonia is found in all the patients during infancy.

The syndrome causes cerebellar ataxia (balance and coordination problems), mental retardation, congenital cataracts in early childhood, muscle weakness, inability to chew food, thin brittle fingernails, and sparse hair.

Small stature, mild to severe mental retardation and dysarthria (slow, imprecise speech) are usually present.

Various skeletal abnormalities (e.g., curvature of the spine) and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism often occur.

Muscle weakness is progressive, but life expectancy is near normal.

Other features include:

- Stunting

- Small hands and feet with long, tapering fingers and clinodactyly

- Dental anomalies in the form of malalignment and malocclusion

In another study of six patients, the patients were investigated further. They were found to have low levels of IGF-1 and markedly retarded bone age.

Kaufman oculocerebrofacial syndrome is an autosomal recessive congenital disorder characterized by mental retardation, brachycephaly, upslanting palpebral fissures, eye abnormalities, and highly arched palate. It was characterized in 1971; eight cases had been identified as of 1995.

The common symptoms in all reported cases of primrose syndrome include ossified pinnae, learning disabilities or mental retardation, hearing problems, movement disorders (ataxia, paralysis, and parkinsonism among others (likely due, in part, to calcification of the basal ganglia), a torus palatinus (a neoplasm on the mouth's hard palate), muscle atrophy, and distorted facial features. Other symptoms usually occur, different in each case, but it is unknown whether or not these symptoms are caused by the same disease.

While inclusion criteria for Rud syndrome have varied considerably, the major manifestations includes congenital ichthyosis, hypogonadism, small stature, mental retardation, and epilepsy. Ocular findings were inconsistently reported and included strabismus, blepharoptosis, blepharospasm, glaucoma, cataract, nystagmus, and retinitis pigmentosa. Other systemic includes metabolic, bony, neurologic, and muscular abnormalities.

An alternative name of the condition, LEOPARD syndrome, is a mnemonic, originally coined in 1969, as the condition is characterized by some of the following seven conditions, the first letters of which spell LEOPARD, along with the characteristic "freckling" of the skin, caused by the lentigines that is reminiscent of the large cat.

- Lentigines — Reddish-brown to dark brown macules (surface skin lesion) generally occurring in a high number (10,000+) over a large portion of the skin, at times higher than 80% coverage. These can even appear inside the mouth (buccal), or on the surface of the eye (scleral). These have irregular borders and range in size from 1 mm in diameter to café-au-lait spots, several centimeters in diameter. Also, some areas of vitiligo-like hypopigmentation may be observed.

- Electrocardiographic conduction abnormalities: Generally observed on an electrocardiograph as a bundle branch block.

- Ocular hypertelorism: Wideset eyes, which lead to a similar facial resemblance between patients. Facial abnormalities are the second highest occurring symptom after the lentigines. Abnormalities also include: broad nasal root, prognathism (protruding lower jaw), or low-set, possibly rotated, ears.

- Pulmonary stenosis: Narrowing of the pulmonary artery as it exits the heart. Other cardiac abnormalities may be present, including aortic stenosis, or mitral valve prolapse.

- Abnormal genitalia: usually cryptorchidism (retention of testicles in body) or monorchism (single testicle). In female patients, this presents as missing or single ovaries, much harder by nature to detect. Ultrasound imaging is performed at regular intervals, from the age of 1 year, to determine if ovaries are present.

- Retarded growth: Slow, or stunted growth. Most newborns with this syndrome are of normal birth weight and length, but will often slow within the first year.

- Deafness: Sensorineural (nerve deafness).

The presence of all of these hallmarks is not needed for a diagnosis. A clinical diagnosis is considered made when, with lentigines present there are 2 other symptoms observed, such as ECG abnormalities and ocular hypertelorism, or without lentigines, 3 of the above conditions are present, with a first-degree relative (i.e. parent, child, sibling) with a clinical diagnosis.

- Additional dermatologic abnormalities (axillary freckling, localized hypopigmentation, interdigital webbing, hyperelastic skin)

- Mild mental retardation is observed in about 30% of those affected with the syndrome

- Nystagmus (involuntary eye movements), seizures, or hyposmia (reduced ability to smell) has been documented in a few patients

- In 2004, a patient was reported with recurrent upper extremity aneurysms that required surgical repairs.

- In 2006, a NSML patient was reported with acute myelogenous leukemia.

Due to the rarity of the syndrome itself, it is hard to determine whether certain additional diseases are actually part of the syndrome. With a base population of possibly less than one thousand individuals, one or two outlying cases can skew the statistical population very quickly.

Smith–Fineman–Myers syndrome (SFMS1), congenital disorder that causes birth defects. This syndrome was named after 3 men, Richard D. Smith, Robert M. Fineman and Gart G. Myers who discovered it around 1980.

Fountain syndrome is an autosomal recessive congenital disorder characterized by mental retardation, deafness, skeletal abnormalities and a coarse face with full lips. The abnormal swelling of the cheeks and lips are due to the excessive accumulation of body fluids under the skin. The deafness is due to malformation of the cochlea structure within the inner ear.

Although genetic testing positively identifies nearly two thirds of children with CHARGE syndrome, diagnosis is still largely clinical. The following signs were originally identified in children with this syndrome, but are no longer used in to make the diagnosis alone.

- C - Coloboma of the eye, central nervous system anomalies

- H - Heart defects

- A - Atresia of the choanae

- R - Retardation of growth and/or development

- G - Genital and/or urinary defects (Hypogonadism, undescended testicles, besides hypospadias.)

- E - Ear anomalies and/or deafness and abnormally bowl-shaped and concave ears, known as "lop ears".

Micro syndrome also known as WARBM, and Warburg–Sjo–Fledelius syndrome, is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by microcephaly, microcornea, congenital cataract, intellectual or developmental disability, optic atrophy, and hypogenitalism.

Sturge–Weber syndrome is usually manifested at birth by a port-wine stain on the forehead and upper eyelid of one side of the face, or the whole face. The birthmark can vary in color from light pink to deep purple and is caused by an overabundance of capillaries around the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve, just under the surface of the face. There is also malformation of blood vessels in the pia mater overlying the brain on the same side of the head as the birthmark. This causes calcification of tissue and loss of nerve cells in the cerebral cortex.

Neurological symptoms include seizures that begin in infancy and may worsen with age. Convulsions usually happen on the side of the body opposite the birthmark which vary in severity. There may also be muscle weakness on the side of the body opposite the birthmark.

Some children will have developmental delays and cognitive delays; about 50% will have glaucoma (optic neuropathy often associated with increased intraocular pressure), which can be present at birth or develop later. Glaucoma can be expressed as leukocoria, which should include also further evaluation for retinoblastoma. Increased pressure within the eye can cause the eyeball to enlarge and bulge out of its socket (buphthalmos).

Sturge–Weber syndrome rarely affects other body organs.

Primrose syndrome is a rare, slowly progressive genetic disorder that can vary symptomatically between individual cases, but is generally characterised by ossification of the external ears, learning difficulties, and facial abnormalities. It was first described in 1982 in Scotland's Royal National Larbert Institution by Dr D.A.A. Primrose.

Primrose syndrome appears to occur spontaneously, regardless of family history. The cause is currently unknown and there are no known treatments.

Cohen syndrome is diagnosed by clinical examination, but often difficult due to variation in expression.

Ocular complications, though rare, are listed as optic atrophy, microphthalmia, pigmentary chorioretinitis, hemeralopia (decreased vision in bright light), myopia, strabismus, nystagmus and iris/retinal coloboma.

General appearance is obesity with thin/elongated arms and legs. Micrognathia, short philtrum, and high vaulted palate are common. Variable mental retardation with occasional seizure and deafness also is characteristic of Cohen syndrome.

CHARGE syndrome (formerly known as CHARGE association), is a rare syndrome caused by a genetic disorder. First described in 1979, the acronym "CHARGE" came into use for newborn children with the congenital features of coloboma of the eye, heart defects, atresia of the nasal choanae, retardation of growth and/or development, genital and/or urinary abnormalities, and ear abnormalities and deafness. These features are no longer used in making a diagnosis of CHARGE syndrome, but the name remains. About two thirds of cases are due to a CHD7 mutation. CHARGE syndrome occurs only in 0.1–1.2 per 10,000 live births; as of 2009 it was the leading cause of congenital deafblindness in the US.

Cohen syndrome (also known as Pepper syndrome or Cervenka syndrome, named after Michael Cohen, William Pepper and Jaroslav Cervenka, who researched the illness) is a genetic disorder.