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Glycogen storage disease type IV, also known as Anderson’s Disease, is a form of glycogen storage disease, which is caused by an inborn error of metabolism. It is the result of a mutation in the GBE1 gene, which causes a defect in the glycogen branching enzyme. Therefore, glycogen is not made properly and abnormal glycogen molecules accumulate in cells; most severely in cardiac and muscle cells. The severity of this disease varies on the amount of enzyme produced. Glycogen Storage Disease Type IV is autosomal recessive, which means each parent has a mutant copy of the gene but show no symptoms of the disease. It affects 1 in 800,000 individuals worldwide, with 3% of all Glycogen Storage Diseases being type IV.
It is also known as:
- Glycogenosis type IV
- Glycogen branching enzyme deficiency
- Polyglucosan body disease
- Amylopectinosis
The eponym "Andersen's disease" is sometimes used, for Dorothy Hansine Andersen.
Mutations in GBE1 can also cause a milder disease in adults called adult polyglucosan body disease.