Tuberculoma is commonly treated through the HRZE drug combination (Isoniazid, Rifampin, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol) followed by maintenance therapy.

As the histologic and clinical indications, as well as tumor markers such as the CA-125, are similar, it is often difficult to differentiate tuberculoma from cancer. For these reasons, tuberculosis should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of cancer.

Pituitary incidentalomas are pituitary tumors that are characterized as an incidental finding. They are often discovered by computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), performed in the evaluation of unrelated medical conditions such as suspected head trauma, in cancer staging or in the evaluation of nonspecific symptoms such as dizziness and headache. It is not uncommon for them to be discovered at autopsy. In a meta-analysis, adenomas were found in an average of 16.7% in postmortem studies, with most being microadenomas (<10mm); macrodenomas accounted for only 0.16% to 0.2% of the decedents. While non-secreting, noninvasive pituitary microadenomas are generally considered to be literally as well as clinically benign, there are to date scant studies of low quality to support this assertion.

It has been recommended in the current Clinical Practice Guidelines (2011) by the Endocrine Society - a professional, international medical organization in the field of endocrinology and metabolism - that all patients with pituitary incidentalomas undergo a complete medical history and physical examination, laboratory evaluations to screen for hormone hypersecretion and for hypopituitarism. If the lesion is in close proximity to the optic nerves or optic chiasm, a visual field examination should be performed. For those with incidentalomas which do not require surgical removal, follow up clinical assessments and neuroimaging should be performed as well follow-up visual field examinations for incidentalomas that abut or compress the optic nerve and chiasm and follow-up endocrine testing for macroincidentalomas.

Patients who develop PSH after traumatic injury have longer hospitalization and longer durations in intensive care in cases where ICU treatment is necessary. Patients often are more vulnerable to infections and spend longer times on ventilators, which can lead to an increased risk of various lung diseases. PSH does not affect mortality rate, but it increases the amount of time it takes a patient to recover from injury, compared to patients with similar injuries who do not develop PSH episodes. It often takes patients who develop PSH longer to reach similar levels of the brain activity seen in patients who do not develop PSH, although PSH patients do eventually reach these same levels.

An ectopic (occurring in an abnormal place) pituitary adenoma is a rare type of tumor which occurs outside of the sella turcica, most often in the sphenoid sinus, suprasellar region, nasopharynx and the cavernous sinuses.

Diagnosing PSH can be very difficult due to the lack of common terminology in circulation and a lack of diagnostic criteria. Different systems for diagnosis have been proposed, but a universal system has not been embraced. One example of a proposed system of diagnosis requires observation confirmation for four of the six following symptoms: fever greater than 38.3 degrees Celsius, tachycardia classified as a heart rate of 120 bpm or higher, hypertension classified as a systolic pressure higher than 160 mmHg or a pulse pressure higher than 80 mmHg, tachypnea classified as respiration rate higher than 30 breaths per minute, excess sweating, and severe dystonia. Ruling out other diseases or syndromes that show similar symptoms is imperative to diagnosis as well. Sepsis, encephalitis, neuroleptic malignant syndrome,

malignant hyperthermia, lethal catatonia, spinal cord injury (not associated with PSH), seizures, and hydrocephalus (this can be associated with PSH) are examples of diagnoses that should be considered due to the manifestation of similar symptoms before confirming a diagnosis of PSH. PSH has no simple radiological features that can be observed or detected on a scan.