The squamous odontogenic tumor is a rare odontogenic tumor found in any area of the alveolar bone. Usually, there is a painless swelling with adjacent teeth becoming mobile. On radiographs, it presents as a radiolucency (dark area) between the teeth in a triangular shape. Clinically, it may present similar to periodontal disease.

It is fairly uncommon, but It is seen more in young people. Two thirds of the cases are found in females.

Surgical excision of the lesion is done, and depending upon the clinical circumstances, this may or may not involve removal of the involved tooth. With incomplete removal, recurrence is common; some surgeons advocate curettage after extraction of teeth to decrease the overall rate of recurrence.

Odontomas are thought to be the second most frequent type of odontogenic tumor worldwide (after ameloblastoma), accounting for about 20% of all cases within this relatively uncommon tumor category which shows large geographic variations in incidence.

The standard treatment of COC is enucleation and curettage (E&C). Recurrence following E&C is rare.

KCOTs are thought to arise from the dental lamina and are associated with impacted teeth. Multiple odontogenic keratocysts are a feature of nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome.

Odotogenic Keratocysts are derived from the remnants of the Dental Lamina.

An odontogenic keratocyst is a rare and benign but locally aggressive developmental cyst. It most often affects the posterior mandible. It most commonly presents in the third decade of life.

In the WHO/IARC classification of head and neck pathology, this clinical entity had been known for years as the odontogenic keratocyst; it was reclassified as keratocystic odontogenic tumour (KCOT) from 2005 to 2017. In 2017 it reverted to the earlier name, as the new WHO/IARC classification reclassified OKC back into the cystic category. The WHO/IARC classification no longer considers it a neoplasm, because the evidence supporting that hypothesis (for example, clonality) is considered insufficient. However, this is an area of hot debate within the head and neck pathology community, and some pathologists still regard OKC as a neoplasm despite the reclassification.

Cementoblastoma, or benign cementoblastoma, is a relatively rare benign neoplasm of the cementum of the teeth. It is derived from ectomesenchyme of odontogenic origin. Less than 0.69%–8% of all odontogenic tumors.

The annual incidence rates per million for ameloblastomas are 1.96, 1.20, 0.18 and 0.44 for black males, black females, white males and white females respectively. Ameloblastomas account for about one percent of all oral tumors and about 18% of odontogenic tumors. Men and women tend to be equally affected, although women tend to be 4 years younger than men when tumors first occur and tumors appear to be larger in females.

Cementoma is an odontogenic tumor of cementum. It usually occurs after root development is finished, found predominantly in African American women older than 40. It is found most commonly in the mandible in the region of the lower molar teeth. It causes distortion of surrounding areas but is a usually painless growth, at least initially. Considerable thickening of the cementum can often be observed. A periapical form is also recognized.

Recurrence is common, although the recurrence rates for block resection followed by bone graft are lower than those of enucleation and curettage. Follicular variants appear to recur more than plexiform variants. Unicystic tumors recur less frequently than "non-unicystic" tumors. Persistent follow-up examination is essential for managing ameloblastoma. Follow up should occur at regular intervals for at least 10 years. Follow up is important, because 50% of all recurrences occur within 5 years postoperatively. Recurrence within a bone graft (following resection of the original tumor) does occur, but is less common. Seeding to the bone graft is suspected as a cause of recurrence. The recurrences in these cases seem to stem from the soft tissues, especially the adjacent periosteum. Recurrence has been reported to occur as many as 36 years after treatment.

To reduce the likelihood of recurrence within grafted bone, meticulous surgery with attention to the adjacent soft tissues is required.

Immunoperoxidase stains have identified antigens of the human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6 and 11 in approximately 50% of cases of squamous cell papilloma.

An odontoma (also termed odontome) is a benign tumour of odontogenic origin (i.e. linked to tooth development). Specifically, it is a dental hamartoma, meaning that it is composed of normal dental tissue that has grown in an irregular way.

The average age of people found with an odontoma is 14. The condition is frequently associated with one or more unerupted teeth. Though most cases are found impacted within the jaw there are instances where odontomas have erupted into the oral cavity.

The adenomatoid odontogenic tumor is an odontogenic tumor arising from the enamel organ or dental lamina.

Keratoacanthoma usually occurs in older individuals. As with squamous cell cancer, it seems likely that ultraviolet light from the sun causes the development of KA. As with squamous cell cancer, sporadic cases have been found co-infected with the human papilloma virus (HPV).

Many new treatments for Melanoma are also known to increase the rate of Keratoacanthoma, such as the B-Raf inhibitor drugs Vemurafenib and Dabrafenib.

An odontogenic tumor is a neoplasm of the cells or tissues that initiate odontogenic processes.

Examples include:

- Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor

- Ameloblastoma, a type of odontogenic tumor involving ameloblasts

- Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor

- Keratocystic odontogenic tumor

- Odontogenic myxoma

- Odontoma

Small unilocular lesions have been successfully treated with enucleation and curettage followed by chemical bone cautery. Multilocular tumors exhibit a 25% recurrence rate and, therefore, must be treated more aggressively. In the case of a multilocular myxoma, resection of the tumor with a generous portion of surrounding bone is required. Because of the gelatinous nature of the tumor, it is crucial for the surgeon to remove the lesion intact so as to further reduce the risk of recurrence.

The central odontogenic fibroma is a rare benign odontogenic tumor. It is more common in adults, with the average age being 40. It is twice as likely to affect women than men. It is usually found either in the anterior maxilla or the posterior mandible. Radiographically it presents with either radiolucency or mixed radiolucency/opaque. The simple type is characterized by delicate fibrillar stroma of collagen containing fibroblasts; the WHO type is characterized by more mature fibrillar stroma of collagen. Treatment is by surgical removal

Four types of cementomas are described :

- Benign cementoblastoma

- Periapical cemental dysplasia

- Multiple apical cementomas

- Gigantiform cementoma

A papilloma (plural papillomas or papillomata) ("" + "") is a benign epithelial tumor growing exophytically (outwardly projecting) in nipple-like and often finger-like fronds. In this context refers to the projection created by the tumor, not a tumor on an already existing papilla (such as the nipple).

When used without context, it frequently refers to infections (squamous cell papilloma) caused by human papillomavirus (HPV), such as warts. Human papillomavirus infection is a major cause of cervical cancer, although most HPV infections do not cause cancer. There are, however, a number of other conditions that cause papilloma, as well as many cases in which there is no known cause.

Stafne defect is uncommon, and has been reported to develop anywhere between the ages of 11 and 30 years old, (although the defect is developmental, it does not seem to be present form birth, implying that the lesion develops at a later age). Usually the defect is unilateral (on one side only) and most commonly occurs in men.

The odontogenic myxoma is an uncommon benign odontogenic tumor arising from embryonic connective tissue associated with tooth formation. As a myxoma, this tumor consists mainly of spindle shaped cells and scattered collagen fibers distributed through a loose, mucoid material.

This is a very rare neoplasm accounting for approximately 0.0003% of all tumors and about 2.5% of all external ear neoplasms. There is a wide age range at initial presentation, although the mean age is about 50 years of age. Females are affected slightly more often (1.5:1).

It is associated with hormone replacement therapy (estrogen). The risk is higher in white women than other ethnicities, incidence, prevalence, age distribution, and sex ratio

The calcifying odotogenic cyst or the Gorlin cyst, now known in the WHO Classification of Tumours as the calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor, is a benign odontogenic tumor of cystic type most likely to affect the anterior areas of the jaws. It is most common in people in their second to third decades but can be seen at almost any age. On radiographs, the calcifying odontogenic cyst appears as a unilocular radiolucency (dark area). In one-third of cases, an impacted tooth is involved. Microscopically, there are many cells that are described as "ghost cells", enlarged eosinophilic epithelial cells without nuclei.