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Deep Learning Technology: Sebastian Arnold, Betty van Aken, Paul Grundmann, Felix A. Gers and Alexander Löser. Learning Contextualized Document Representations for Healthcare Answer Retrieval. The Web Conference 2020 (WWW'20)
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The prognosis of patients with FA as a whole is considered to be better than that of most other forms of non-small cell carcinoma, including biphasic pulmonary blastoma.
15% of lung cancers in the US are of this type. Small cell lung cancer occurs almost exclusively in smokers; most commonly in heavy smokers and rarely in non-smokers.
Generally, there is a good prognosis for low-grade tumors, and a poor prognosis for high-grade tumors.
FA is a rare tumor, with a relative incidence estimated to be no more than 0.5% of all lung cancers.
FA is exceptionally rare in children, with only a handful of cases reported to date, However, several case reports have involved FA's in pregnant women or the early postnatal period.
Acinic cell carcinoma of the lung is a very rare malignant neoplasm originating from bronchial glands. It is classified as a salivary gland-like carcinoma under the most widely used lung cancer classification system.
"Lung tumors" are neoplastic tumors of the lung These include:
Primary tumors of the lung/pulmonary system:
- Bronchial leiomyoma, a rare, benign tumor
- Lung cancer, the term commonly used to refer to "carcinoma of the lung"
- Pulmonary carcinoid tumor
- Pleuropulmonary blastoma
- Neuroendocrine tumors of the lung
- Lymphomas of the lung.
- Sarcomas of the lung.
- Some rare vascular tumors of the lung
Non-lung tumors which may grow into the lungs:
- Mediastinal tumors
- Pleural tumors
Metastasis or secondary tumors/neoplasms with other origin:
- Metastasis to the lung
All in all, small-cell carcinoma is very responsive to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and in particular, regimens based on platinum-containing agents. However, most people with the disease relapse, and median survival remains low.
In "limited-stage" disease, median survival with treatment is 14–20 months, and about 20% of patients with limited-stage small-cell lung carcinoma live 5 years or longer. Because of its predisposition for early metastasis, the prognosis of SCLC is poor, with only 10% to 15% of patients surviving 3 years.
The prognosis is far more grim in "extensive-stage" small-cell lung carcinoma; with treatment, median survival is 8–13 months; only 1–5% of patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung carcinoma treated with chemotherapy live 5 years or longer.
SCTC exhibits a highly aggressive phenotype, thus prognosis of that malignancy is extremely poor. The overall survival is less than 1 year in most of cases.
Occurs in adults, with peak incidence from 20–40 years of age. A causal link with cytomegalovirus (CMV) has been strongly implicated in a 2011 research.
A solid pseudopapillary tumour (also known as solid pseudopapillary neoplasm or, more formally, solid pseudopapillary tumour/neoplasm of the pancreas) is a low-grade malignant neoplasm of the pancreas of architecture that typically afflicts young women.
The morbidity associated with DIPNECH is due to the associated obstructive lung disease. The lung disease tends to be slowly progressive, but given enough time can lead to significant disability and require supplemental oxygen therapy. There have been reports of lung transplantation in the setting of end-stage DIPNECH.
Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) is malignant neoplasm of follicular cell origin showing intermediate histopathological patterns between differentiated and undifferentiated thyroid cancers.
Solid pseudopapillary tumours are typically round, well-demarcated, measuring 2–17 cm in diameter (average 8 cm), with solid and cystic areas with hemorrhage on cut sections.
Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) is a type of tumor that can occur within the cells of the pancreatic duct. IPMN tumors produce mucus, and this mucus can form pancreatic cysts. Although intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms are benign tumors, they can progress to pancreatic cancer. As such IPMN is viewed as a precancerous condition. Once an intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm has been found, the management options include close monitoring and pre-emptive surgery.
Squamous-cell thyroid carcinoma (SCTC) is rare malignant neoplasm of thyroid gland which shows tumor cells with distinct squamous differentiation. The incidence of SCTC is less than 1% out of thyroid malignancies.
An odontogenic tumor is a neoplasm of the cells or tissues that initiate odontogenic processes.
Examples include:
- Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor
- Ameloblastoma, a type of odontogenic tumor involving ameloblasts
- Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor
- Keratocystic odontogenic tumor
- Odontogenic myxoma
- Odontoma
Pathologists classify intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) into two broad groups - those that are associated with an invasive cancer and those that are not associated with an invasive cancer. This separation has critical prognostic significance. Patients with a surgically resected intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm without an associated invasive cancer have an excellent prognosis (>95% will be cured), while patients with a surgically resected intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm with an associated invasive cancer have a worse prognosis. Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms without an associated invasive cancer can be further subcategorized into three groups. They are IPMN with low-grade dysplasia, IPMN with moderate dysplasia, and IPMN with high-grade dysplasia. This categorization is less important than the separation of IPMNs with an associated cancer from IPMNs without an associated invasive cancer, but this categorization is useful as IPMNs are believed to progress from low-grade dysplasia to moderate dysplasia to high-grade dysplasia to an IPMN with an associated invasive cancer.
To date there have been no clinical trials to determine effective treatment for this disease. Some patients have been treated with somatostatin analogs. Although the cough associated with DIPNECH tends to diminish on this treatment, improvement in pulmonary function has not been clearly demonstrated. There are also reports of symptomatic treatment with long- and short-acting beta agonists. Although steroids, both oral and inhaled, have been used in the setting of DIPNECH, there is no clear improvement with this treatment.
It is not uncommon for typical carcinoids to arise within DIPNECH. Due to presence of these tumors, DIPNECH is classified as a pre-malignant condition. Although there have been reports of atypical carcinoids with local lymph node involvement, there are no reports of more aggressive neuroendocrine tumors, such as large cell neuroendocrine or small cell lung cancer, associated with DIPNECH. When isolated bronchial carcinoids are diagnosed, oncology guidelines recommend surgical resection with lymph node sampling. However, as multiple carcinoids may develop in the setting of DIPNECH, a more conservative approach is often considered to preserve lung function.
Pancreatic serous cystadenoma, also known as serous cystadenoma of the pancreas and serous microcystic adenoma, a benign tumour of pancreas. It is usually found in the head of the pancreas, and may be associated with von Hippel-Lindau syndrome.
In contrast to some of the other cyst-forming tumors of the pancreas (such as the intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm and the mucinous cystic neoplasm), serous cystic neoplasms are almost always entirely benign. There are some exceptions; rare case reports have described isolated malignant serous cystadenocarcinomas. In addition, serous cystic neoplasms slowly grow, and if they grow large enough they can press on adjacent organs and cause symptoms.
Glandular and epithelial neoplasm is a grouping of tumors arising from the glands and epithelium.
An example is adenoma.
A urogenital neoplasm is a tumor of the urogenital system.
Types include:
- Cancer of the breast and female genital organs: (Breast cancer, Vulvar cancer, Vaginal cancer, Cervical cancer, Uterine cancer, Endometrial cancer, Ovarian cancer)
- Cancer of the male genital organs (Carcinoma of the penis, Prostate cancer, Testicular cancer)
- Cancer of the urinary organs (Renal cell carcinoma, Bladder cancer)
Pathologists classify serous cystic neoplasms into two broad groups. Those that are benign, that have not spread to other organs, are designated "serous cystadenoma". Serous cystadenomas can be further sub-typed into microcystic, oligocystic (or macrocystic), solid, mixed serous-endocrine neoplasm, and VHL-associated serous cystic neoplasm. This latter classification scheme is useful because it highlights the range of appearances and the clinical associations of these neoplasms. Serous cystic neoplasms that have spread ("metastasized") to another organ are considered malignant and are designated "serous cystadenocarcinoma".
Sebaceous lymphadenoma is a tissue diagnosis, e.g. salivary gland biopsy.
It may be confused with a number of benign and malignant neoplasms, including Warthin tumour, mucoepidermoid carcinoma and sebaceous lymphadenocarcinoma.
Proliferating trichilemmal cysts (also known as a "Pilar tumor", "Proliferating follicular cystic neoplasm", "Proliferating pilar tumor", and "Proliferating trichilemmal tumor") are a cutaneous condition characterized by proliferations of squamous cells forming scroll-like structures.
The treatment is simple excision and exclusion of a malignant neoplasm.