Abstract

Oral manifestations of systematic disease are those observations, changes, disease processes, metabolic problems and symptoms occurring elsewhere in the body but are detected in the oral cavity and oral secretions. Hyperglycemia can be detected by sampling saliva. Investigations into the influence of polycystic ovarian syndrome on the oral microbiome are continuing. Saliva sampling may be a non-invasive way to detect changes in the gut microbiome and changes in systemic disease. The association between the salivary microbiome and with Polycistic Ovarian Syndrome has been characterized. "[S]aliva microbiome profiles correlate with those in the stool, despite the fact that the bacterial communities in the two locations differ greatly. Therefore, saliva may be a useful alternative to stool as an indicator of bacterial dysbiosis in systemic disease." Another example is tertiary syphilis, where changes to dentition can occur. Syphilis infection can be associated with longitudinal furrows of the tongue.

Tongue

Mineral and vitamin deficiencies can cause the tongue to appear beefy red and feel sore. Those deficiencies are iron, folate and vitamin B12. A Hairy Tongue may be an indication of Epstein Barr vius infection and is usually seen in those infected with HIV. Other systematic diseases that can cause the tongue to form Aphthous ulcers are: Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis, Behcet's Syndrome, pemphigus, herpes simplex, histoplasmosis, and reactive arthritis (Reiter's Syndrome).