Abstract

Lobomycosis also known as (Jorge) Lobo's disease or lacaziosis, is a blastomycosis, a fungal infection of the skin caused by "Lacazia loboi" (formerly named "Loboa loboi"), and discovered by Brazilian dermatologist Jorge Lobo. Other names which were given to the disease are: keloidal blastomycosis, Amazonian blastomycosis, blastomycoid granuloma, miraip and piraip. These last two names were given by natives of the Amazon and mean "that which burns".

This disease is usually found in humans and bottle-nosed dolphins, with the possible risk of transmission from one species to the next.

Clinical features

The disease is endemic in rural regions in South America and Central America.

Infection most commonly develops after minor scratches or insect bites, but many patients cannot recall any skin trauma. Human-to-human transmission does not occur, and the disease is only acquired from the environment. The appearances are of a chronic keloidal nodular lesions occur on the face, ears, or extremities.

Diagnosis of Lobo's disease is made by taking a sample of the infected skin (a skin biopsy) and examining it under the microscope. "Lacazia loboi" is characterized by long chains of spherical cells interconnected by tubules. The cells appear to be yeast-like with a diameter of 5 to 12 μm. Attempts to culture "L. loboi" have so far been unsuccessful.

Diagnosis | Differential diagnosis

The disease is often misdiagnosed as "Blastomyces dermatitidis" or "Paracoccidiodes brasiliensis" due to its similar morphology.

Treatment

Surgical excision or cryosurgery is the treatment of choice. Treatment with antifungals has been considered ineffective, but the use of clofazimine and dapsone in patients with leprosy and lobomycosis has been found to improve the latter. This treatment regimen, with concomitant itraconazole, has been used to prevent recurrence after surgery.

Lobo's disease in dolphins

Lesions in dolphins occur on the dorsal fin, head, , and peduncle. In January 2006, a potential epidemic of lobomycosis was reported in dolphins of the Indian River Lagoon in Florida.